Tunisia: Index alarmed by attacks targeting media, artists, activists and academics

10 April 2012

(IFEX-TMG) – The International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX) Tunisia Monitoring Group (IFEX-TMG), a coalition of 21 IFEX members which includes Index, is alarmed by ongoing attacks targeting journalists, artists, performers and women for the “crime” of freely expressing their opinion as well as by the Tunisian security forces’ alleged inaction during most of these instances in the past year. Furthermore, the IFEX-TMG condemns the use of force by police or other parties against journalists covering demonstrations, as well as long sentences for Facebook users on religious morality charges.

In an extremely alarming development, on 28 March, Ghazi Beji and Jabeur Mejri were sentenced to over seven years in prison for posting online manuscripts critical of Islam which included caricatures of a naked Prophet Mohammed. This comes just a fortnight after authorities announced 13 March would be marked as the national day for internet freedom.

A recent string of attacks have been carried out by individuals, some of whom have been alledgedly identified as Salafists, a conservative group of Sunni Muslims who approach Islamic theology from a literal point of view.

Amongst those targeted were artists, academics, journalists as well as media personnel and institutions. The most recent attack based on religious motivations, occurred on 22 March, when a theatre group performing on Habib Bourguiba Avenue in Tunis was attacked by Salafists. The police are said to have intervened much later and rather than protect the thespians and their equipment from the attack, moved them into the nearby Municipal Theatre.

Rather than protecting freedom of expression, the authorities have since banned demonstrations on Habib Bourguiba, the city’s main street, which was a symbolic place of resistance for the revolution. On 28 March, the Ministry of the interior banned “all demonstrations, marches and any other form of collective expression” on the Avenue.

Furthermore, police violently attacked peaceful demonstrations held in different cities on 7, 8 and 9 April to protest unemployment and social injustice. Police beat demonstrators with batons and fired teargas at them during a protest on 9 April on Avenue Habib Bourguiba by around a thousand people, defying the ban on protests on the capital’s main thoroughfare. Journalists were reportedly beaten during a demonstration in Sfax on 8 April, and then 14 journalists were beaten in Tunis on 9 April.

This follows a pattern of police abuse. In January 2012, two women journalists Sana Farhat and Maha Ouelhezi were physically assaulted by plainclothes police in Tunis as they were covering a demonstration organised by university teachers calling for academic freedom outside the Ministry of Education. Journalists were also attacked violently by police while covering a union protest in Tunis on 28 February.

Meanwhile, Director of the privately-owned Nessma TV, Nabil Karoui, is facing charges of blasphemy and disturbing public order for the screening of the animated film Persepolis in October 2011. The trial has been postponed a number of times and is now set for 19 April 2012.

The airing of Persepolis in October led to protests in Tunis because it contained a scene depicting God, which is considered forbidden by Islam. A week later, a crowd damaged Karoui’s home in Tunis with Molotov cocktails.

There has been little protection for those being attacked, including during a sit-in at Manouba University protesting the banning of niqab-wearing students from sitting for their exams that became violent. Not only did security forces fail to intervene to prevent demonstrators from becoming violent and disrupting classes, but there were no arrests made. Professor Fatma Jegham was attacked with impunity by Salafists last year at the Fine Arts University in Tunis for teaching a subject deemed “offensive to God.”

Not all recent violations of the right to free expression have been motivated by religious doctrine. On 24 March, celebrated journalist and Al-Jazeera journalist Lotffi Hajji was attacked physically and verbally as he was reporting from a meeting organised by supporters of the former Interim Prime Minister Caid Essebsi.

While all citizens reserve the right to protest against speech or an act they deem offensive, the IFEX-TMG and its local Tunisian partners have been campaigning to raise awareness that obstructing or interfering with their fellow-citizens’ rights to express their views is a violation of free expression, an intrinsic right and a basic building stone for any democracy, and one that must be enshrined in the Constitution.

While Said Ferjani, a leader in the ruling Ennahda political party, said they aim to protect the choice of wearing “the bikini or the Burqa”, more is needed to protect all citizens from the intolerant acts of individuals and groups.

“We call on the government to put its rhetoric into action by taking practical steps such as training their security forces on positively interacting with protesters, sensitising them on how to work with the media and on actively stepping in to protect the right to free expression so that citizens can enjoy this fundamental right without the fear of retribution,” said Virginie Jouan, Chair of the IFEX-TMG.

ARTICLE 19

Bahrain Center for Human Rights
Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies
Canadian Journalists for Free Expression
Cartoonists Rights Network International
Egyptian Organization for Human Rights
Freedom House
Index on Censorship
International Federation of Journalists
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
International Press Institute
International Publishers Association
Journaliste en danger
Maharat Foundation (Skills Foundation)
Media Institute of Southern Africa
Norwegian PEN
World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters (AMARC)
World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers
World Press Freedom Committee
Writers in Prison Committee, PEN International

10 avril 2012

Le TMG de l’IFEX s’inquiète des attaques répétées qui ciblent les manifestants, les médias, les acteurs et les universitaires

SOURCE: Le groupe d’observation de la Tunisie de l’IFEX

(TMG de l’IFEX) – Le Groupe d’observation de la Tunisie organisé par l’Échange international de la liberté d’expression (TMG de l’IFEX), coalition de 21 membres de l’IFEX, s’inquiète vivement des attaques répétées contre les journalistes, les artistes et les femmes qui commettent le « crime » d’exprimer librement leur opinion, ainsi que de l’inaction présumée des forces de sécurité tunisiennes pendant la plupart de ces incidents survenus au cours de la dernière année. De plus, le TMG de l’IFEX condamne le recours à la force par des policiers ou d’autres groupes contre les journalistes qui couvrent les manifestations, ainsi que les lourdes peines infligées à des utilisateurs de Facebook pour des infractions à la morale religieuse.

Un événement extrêmement inquiétant est survenu le 28 mars. Ghazi Beji et Jabeur Mejri ont été condamnés à plus de sept ans de prison pour avoir affiché en ligne des écrits critiques de l’islam, qui incluaient des caricatures du Prophète Mahomet dénudé. Cela est survenu une quinzaine de jours à peine après que les autorités eurent annoncé que le 13 mars serait célébré comme la journée nationale de la liberté de l’internet.

Une série d’attaques auraient été perpétrées récemment par des individus dont certains ont été identifiés comme des salafistes, des musulmans sunnites conservateurs qui adoptent une interprétation littérale de l’Islam.

Parmi les personnes visées se trouvaient des artistes, des universitaires, des journalistes ainsi que des employés de médias et des institutions. L’attaque la plus récente ayant un mobile religieux est survenue le 22 mars, lorsqu’une troupe de théâtre en représentation avenue Habib-Bourguiba à Tunis a été agressée par des salafistes. La police serait intervenue beaucoup plus tard et, au lieu de protéger les acteurs et leur équipement contre l’attaque, les aurait déplacés au Théâtre Municipal voisin.

Au lieu de protéger la liberté d’expression, les autorités ont depuis interdit les manifestations sur l’avenue Habib-Bourguiba, principale artère de la ville, lieu symbolique de la résistance pendant la révolution. Le 28 mars, le Ministère de l’Intérieur a interdit « toute manifestation, marche et toute autre forme d’expression collective » sur cette avenue.

De plus, la police s’est violemment attaquée à des manifestations pacifiques qui se sont tenues dans différentes villes les 7, 8 et 9 avril pour protester contre le chômage et l’injustice sociale. Le 9 avril, la police a attaqué à coups de bâton et de gaz lacrymogènes environ un millier de manifestants qui protestaient avenue Habib-Bourguiba, défiant l’interdiction de manifester dans la principale artère de la capitale. Des journalistes auraient été tabassés lors d’une manifestation le 8 avril à Sfax, puis 14 journalistes auraient été tabassés à Tunis le 9 Avril.

Ce comportement s’inscrit dans un schéma d’abus de pouvoir par la police. En janvier 2012, deux femmes journalistes, Sana Farhat et Maha Ouelhezi, ont été agressées physiquement à Tunis par des policiers en civil tandis qu’elles couvraient, à l’extérieur de l’immeuble du Ministère de l’Éducation, une manifestation organisée par des professeurs d’université qui demandaient la liberté de l’enseignement. Des journalistes ont aussi été attaqués violemment par la police le 28 février tandis qu’ils couvraient une manifestation syndicale de protestation à Tunis.

Par ailleurs, Nabil Karoui, directeur de la chaîne privée Nessma TV, doit répondre à des accusations de blasphème et d’avoir troublé l’ordre public pour avoir diffusé en octobre 2011 le film d’animation Persépolis. Le procès a été reporté un certain nombre de fois et il est maintenant prévu pour le 19 avril 2012.

La présentation de « Persépolis » en octobre a provoqué des protestations à Tunis parce que le film comporte une scène où l’on voit Dieu, ce que proscrit l’Islam. Une semaine plus tard, une foule a attaqué le domicile de Karoui à Tunis et l’a endommagé à force de cocktails Molotov.

Il y a peu de protection pour ceux qui se font attaquer, y compris lors d’un sit-in en novembre et décembre à l’Université Manouba (pour protester contre l’interdiction faite aux étudiantes portant le niqab de passer leurs examens), un sit-in qui a dégénéré dans la violence. Non seulement les forces de sécurité ont-elles omis d’intervenir pour empêcher des manifestants de recourir à la violence et perturber les classes, mais elles n’ont arrêté aucun des auteurs de cette violence dans les universités. La professeure Fatma Jegham a été attaquée en toute impunité l’an dernier par des salafistes à l’Université des Beaux-Arts de Tunis parce qu’elle enseignait une matière jugée « offensante pour Dieu ».

La religion n’est pas le prétexte de toutes les violations récentes du droit à la libre expression. Le 24 mars, Lotffi Hajji, journaliste renommé et correspondant d’Al-Jazeera, a été agressé physiquement et verbalement pendant qu’il assurait la couverture d’un meeting organisé par des partisans de l’ancien premier ministre par intérim Caid Essebsi.

Alors que tous les citoyens ont le droit de protester contre des propos ou des actes qu’ils estiment offensants, le TMG de l’IFEX et ses partenaires locaux en Tunisie font campagne afin de sensibiliser la population au fait que l’obstruction ou l’entrave au droit des citoyens d’exprimer leur opinion constitue une violation de la libre expression, droit intrinsèque et pierre angulaire de toute démocratie, qui doit être inscrit dans la Constitution.

Alors que Said Ferjani, l’un des dirigeants de Ennahda, le parti politique au pouvoir, a affirmé que son parti entend protéger le choix de porter « le bikini ou la burqa », il faut faire davantage pour protéger l’ensemble des citoyens contre les gestes d’intolérance de certains individus et de certains groupes.

« Nous demandons au gouvernement de traduire ses paroles en actes par l’adoption de mesures pratiques comme la formation des forces de l’ordre à communiquer avec les manifestants, à travailler avec les médias et à intervenir activement pour protéger le droit à la libre expression afin que les citoyens puissent jouir de ce droit fondamental sans crainte de représailles », a déclaré Virginie Jouan, Présidente du TMG de l’IFEX.

تونس

مصدر: آيفكس مجموعة مراقبة حالة حرية التعبير في تونس

10 أبريل  2012

مجموعة مراقبة حالة حرية التعبير في تونس تبدي قلقها حول الهجمات المستمرة التي تستهدف المتظاهرين والإعلاميين والفنانين والأكاديميين

(آيفكس – مجموعة مراقبة حالة حرية التعبير في تونس) – أعلنت مجموعة مراقبة حالة حرية التعبير في تونس، و هي ائتلاف من 21 عضوا من أعضاء آيفكس، عن قلقها حول الهجمات المستمرة على الصحافيين والفنانين والنساء بتهمة “حرية التعبير” عن رأيهم وإزاء تقاعس قوات الأمن التونسية خلال العام الماضي. وتدين مجموعة مراقبة حالة حرية التعبير في تونس استخدام القوة من قبل الشرطة أو الأطراف الأخرى ضد الصحفيين الذين يغطون المظاهرات أو الأحداث بالإضافة الى الحكم القاسي على مستخدمي الفايسبوك بتهمة الإساءة للأخلاق الدينية.

ففي تطور خطير، حكم على غازي الباجي وجابر ماجري، في 28 آذار\ مارس، بالسجن لأكثر من سبع سنوات بسبب نشر كتابات على الانترنت تنتقد الإسلام والتي تضمنت رسوما كاريكاتورية عارية ومسيئة للنبي محمد. ويأتي هذا فقط بعد أسبوعين من إعلان السلطات 13 آذار\ مارس يوما وطنيا لحرية الانترنت.

ويزعم أن بعض “السلفيين” أو مجموعة من المحافظين المسلمين السنة، الذين ينتهجون الفقه الإسلامي “بحرَفيته” قد استهدفوا فنانين وأكاديميين وصحفيين فضلا عن موظفي وسائل الاعلام. ويعتبر الهجوم الأخير والذي وقع في 22 مارس، مبنياً على أسس ودوافع دينية. حيث هاجم “السلفيون” مجموعة من المسرحيين خلال أداءهم في جادة الحبيب بورقيبة في تونس. وقيل أن الشرطة تدخلت في وقت لاحق. وبدلا من حماية المسرحيين ومعداتهم، نقلتهم الشرطة الى المسرح البلدي.

فعوضا عن حماية حق حرية التعبير، منعت السلطات منذ ذلك الحين المظاهرات في جادة الحبيب بورقيبة، الشارع الرئيسي للمدينة، والذي شهد ﺘﻈﺎﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﻀﺨﻤﺔ ورمزية اثناء الثورة. وفي 28 آذار\ مارس، منعت وزارة الداخلية “جميع المظاهرات والمسيرات وأي شكل آخر من أشكال التعبير الجماعي” على الجادة.

وعلاوة على ذلك، هاجمت الشرطة بعنف مظاهرات سلمية في مدن مختلفة في 7 و 8 و 9 نيسان/أبريل إلى احتجاج البطالة والظلم الاجتماعي. وقامت الشرطة بضرب المتظاهرين بالهراوات والغاز المسيل للدموع وأطلقت النار عليهم خلال مظاهرة احتجاج في 9 نيسان/أبريل على شارع الحبيب بورقيبة وقدرت المظاهرة بحوالي ألف شخص، في تحد للحظر المفروض على الاحتجاجات على الشارع الرئيسي في العاصمة. ويقال أنه تم ضرب صحفيين خلال مظاهرة في صفاقس يوم 8 نيسان/أبريل وتلى ذلك ضرب 14 صحفي وصحفية يوم 9 نيسان\ أبريل في العاصمة تونس.

وهذا يتبع نمط من سوء معاملة الشرطة، ففي كانون الثاني \ يناير عام 2012، تم الاعتداء على الصحفيتين، سناء فرحات ومها أولهزي، من قبل الشرطة في لباس مدني في تونس، بينما كانتا تغطيان مظاهرة نظمها أساتذة الجامعات تطالب بالحرية الأكاديمية خارج وزارة التربية والتعليم. وهاجمت الشرطة صحافيين بعنف من قبل بينما كانوا يقومون بتغطية احتجاج نقابة الصحافيين في تونس في 28 فبراير من العام ذاته.

في هذه الأثناء، يواجه نبيل القروي، مدير تلفزيون نسمة الخاصة، اتهامات بالتجديف والإخلال بالنظام العام لعرض القناة فيلم “برسيبوليس” في تشرين الأول\ اكتوبر 2011. وقد تم تأجيل المحاكمة عدة مرات، ومن المتوقع أن تعقد في 19 نيسان\ أبريل 2012.

وأدى بث “برسيبوليس” في اكتوبر الماضي الى احتجاجات في تونس لأنه يحتوي على مشهد يصور الله، الأمر الذي يحرمه الإسلام. وبعد أسبوع من العرض، قامت مجموعة بإلقاء “قنابل المولوتوف” على منزل قروي في تونس.

لا يوجد ما يكفي من الحماية للذين يتعرضون للهجوم، فعلى سبيل المثال حصل خلال الاعتصام الذي شهدته “جامعة منوبة” إحتجاجاً على حظر الطالبات المنقبات من الانتظام في دراستهن. ولم تكتف قوات الأمن بالفشل في التدخل لمنع العنف الذي تلى ذلك وتعطل المحاضرات؛ بل وأيضاً لم تسجل أية اعتقالات. وهاجم السلفيون العام الماضي، البروفيسورة فاطمة جغام، في جامعة الفنون الجميلة في تونس لاعتبارها أنها تدرس مادة تعتبر “مسيئة إلى الله”، إلا أنهم تمكنوا من الإفلات من العقاب.

و لكن الإنتهاكات الأخيرة ليست كلها متعلقة بأسس دينية. ففي 24 مارس، تعرض الصحافي المشهور ومراسل الجزيرة، لطفي حجي، الى هجوم عنيف اثناء تغطيته للقاء نظمه أنصار رئيس الوزراء المؤقت السابق الباجي قائد السبسي.

وفي حين أن جميع المواطنين لديهم الحق في الاحتجاج على خطاب أو فعل يرونه مستفزاً أو هجومي، تقوم مجموعة مراقبة حالة حرية التعبير في تونس وشركائها في تونس بتنظيم حملات لزيادة الوعي حول أهمية عدم تدخل المواطنين في حقوق الاخرين في التعبيرعن وجهات نظرهم والذي يعتبر انتهاك لحرية التعبير. و حق حرية التعبير حق جوهري وحجر البناء الأساسي لأي نظام ديمقراطي، و يجب أن يكون منصوصاً عليه في الدستور.

وقال سعيد فرجاني، القيادي في حزب النهضة السياسي الحاكم، أنهم يهدفون إلى حماية خيار ارتداء “البرقع والبكيني “، إلا أنه ، هناك حاجة إلى المزيد من الجهود لحماية جميع المواطنين من تعصب أفراد أوجماعات.

و قالت فيرجيني جوان، رئيسة مجموعة مراقبة حالة حرية التعبير في تونس، ” إننا ندعو الحكومة إلى تنفيذ وعودها من خلال اتخاذ خطوات عملية، مثل تدريب قوات الأمن التابعة لها على التفاعل الإيجابي مع المتظاهرين، وتوعيتهم حول كيفية العمل مع وسائل الإعلام، وعلى المبادرة في حماية حق حرية التعبير حتى يمكن المواطنين بالتمتع بهذا الحق الأساسي من دون الخوف من العقاب.”

Joint letter to mark 1000 days of hunger strike by Dr Abduljalil Al-Singace

King of Bahrain, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa,
Crown Prince and Prime Minister, Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa,

Your Majesties,

We, the undersigned, call your immediate attention to the deteriorating health of award-winning academic, blogger, and human rights defender Dr Abduljalil Al-Singace, who marks 1,000 days on a liquids-only hunger strike on April 3, 2024. We urge you to take action to immediately release Al-Singace, who is wrongfully detained, and ensure that he receives the healthcare he urgently needs.

Al-Singace began his hunger strike on July 8, 2021, in response to prison authorities’ confiscation of his manuscript on Bahraini dialects of Arabic that he spent four years researching and writing. During his hunger strike, he has been sustaining himself only on multivitamin liquid supplements, tea with milk and sugar, water, and salts.

Al-Singace, who has a disability, has been wrongfully detained since his arrest in 2011 solely for exercising his human rights to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly. He has reportedly been subject to torture during his time in detention.*

Since July 2021, according to UN experts, “Mr Al-Singace has been held in a state of isolation likely amounting to solitary confinement” within his room at Kanoo Medical Centre, where he has said that he has been prohibited from going outside, having exposure to direct sunlight, and receiving the adequate physiotherapy required for his disability. According to his family, he has also been deprived of necessary examinations and medical information, including results from MRI scans of his shoulder and head from October 2021. He has been denied treatment for several medical issues, including inflamed joints, impaired vision, enlarged prostate, and tremors.

Authorities continue to deny him medical items that doctors requested, including slippers to prevent slipping in the bathroom and a hot water bottle to relieve pain in his joints. Authorities have also limited his access to information by banning English and Arabic newspapers and restricting accessible TV channels. On January 21, 2024, Al-Singace’s family told the Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy that they were subjected to harsh measures during visitations, which Al-Singace believes constituted a deliberate attempt to pressure him into declining visitations altogether.

On April 17, 2023, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Gerard Quinn said that “as a human rights defender with a disability in detention, Al-Singace faces additional risks. He should be given frequent medical check-ups, afforded reasonable accommodation for his disability, with assistive technologies and other specialized care and considerations. But the Bahraini authorities have not always
allowed him this.”

We echo the “concern at the continuation of the violations perpetrated against Al-Singace” raised by a group of three UN special rapporteurs in September 2023, who also noted their previous communications regarding Al-Singace’s case, sent on December 30, 2021 and November 15, 2021.

We follow up on our July 11, 2023 call for your intervention and urge you to release Al-Singace immediately and unconditionally. In the meantime, we urge you to ensure that he is held in conditions that meet international standards, receives his medication without delay, has access to adequate healthcare in compliance with medical ethics, and that his arbitrarily confiscated research is immediately transferred to his family members.

Sincerely,

1. Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy (BIRD)
2. ALQST for Human Rights
3. Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHBR)
4. ARTICLE 19
5. Bahrain Centre for Human Rights (BCHR)
6. BRISMES (British Society Middle East Studies) Campaigns
7. Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS)
8. Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)
9. Democracy for Arab World Now (DAWN)
10. English PEN
11. Fair Square
12. Femena
13. FIDH (International Federation for Human Rights), within the framework of the Observatory for
the Protection of Human Rights Defenders
14. Freedom House
15. Front Line Defenders
16. Gulf Centre for Human Rights (GCHR)
17. Human Rights First
18. Human Rights Watch (HRW)
19. Index on Censorship
20. International Service for Human Rights (ISHR)
21. MENA Rights Group
22. Middle East Democracy Center (MEDC)
23. PEN America
24. PEN International
25. Rafto Foundation for Human Rights
26. Redress
27. Scholars at Risk
28. World organisation against torture (OMCT), within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights

 

* The United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention (WGAD) adopted an opinion on Dr. Al-Singace’s case during its ninety-sixth session on 27 March – 5 April 2023. The WGAD “considers that the source has presented a credible prima facie case that Mr. Al-Singace suffered torture and ill-treatment”, and that his arrest was unlawful, and finds that he was “subjected to enforced disappearance”.

 

Past Award Winners

FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AWARDS PAST WINNERS 2022 Hamlet Lavastida 2022 Freedom of Expression Arts Award Winner See more OVD Info 2022 Freedom of Expression Campaigning Award Winner See more Sophia Huang Xueqin 2022 Freedom of Expression Journalism Award Winner See more...

Index welcomes news of Nabeel Rajab’s release but all charges must be dropped

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Nabeel Rajab at the 2012 Freedom of Expression Awards

Nabeel Rajab at the 2012 Freedom of Expression Awards

Index welcomes the news that Bahraini human rights activist Nabeel Rajab has been freed from prison. Rajab, the president of the Bahrain Center for Human Rights and an Index on Censorship Freedom of Expression Award winner in 2012, had been held since 2016 and convicted of offences including “spreading fake news”.

Rajab had tweeted about torture in Bahrain’s jails and had criticised the war in Yemen. As Index wrote during one of his many appeals: “Those are not crimes. Opinions are not crimes.”

Rajab has suffered relentless harassment since his involvement as a peaceful activist during the Bahrain uprising in 2011, during which he was in and out of prison on numerous occasions. He was then in prison on a continual basis from June 2016, and was sentenced in all to seven years in prison across two separate trials. In February 2018 he was sentenced to five years in prison for tweeting, which was added to a two-year conviction in June 2017 for “broadcasting fake news” relating to television interviews he gave in 2015.

On Tuesday, Rajab’s lawyer said he would serve the remainder of his sentence in a non-custodial setting.

“This is amazing news. Index on Censorship has been pushing for this for a long time,” said Rachael Jolley, editor-in-chief at Index.

But while we welcome news of his release and reunion with his family, we still demand that all charges are dropped against Rajab, as well as all others who are imprisoned in Bahrain simply for their views and advocacy.

This year, one of the co-winners of the Index on Censorship Freedom of Expression Awards Campaigning category was Sayed Ahmed Alwadaei, a Bahraini activist currently living in exile in the UK who is the director of advocacy at the Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy. As Alwadaei said when accepting the award in April:

“The price for expressing yourself in Bahrain remains very high. I myself ended up in prison for speaking to the press during the Arab Spring.”[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”3/4”][/vc_column][/vc_row]