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WinnerTamas Bodoky, Atlatszo.huInvestigative news websiteHungaryHungarian journalist Tamás Bodoky founded the investigative news website Atlatszo.hu to promote a free press in Hungary, a country where journalists and news organisations face recently introduced media taxes, a proposed internet tax for citizens, smear campaigns and police-run office raids. Bodoky has brought together a range of crowd-sourced approaches to empower citizens in the face of this deteriorating situation for human rights, including tools to allow for anonymous reporting of corruption, to help investigate freedom of information requests (and refusals), and MagyarLeaks, a Tor-based whistleblowing service. Last year Atlatszo.hu was put on the government’s NGO blacklist, but Bodoky continues to run the site, as well as workshops to help keep investigative journalism in Hungary alive. Acceptance speech: The independence of journalism in Hungary is under threat Full profile: Digital activism nominee Tamás Bodoky and Atlatszo.hu |
Nico SellInternet activistCaliforniaA US-based entrepreneur and activist for online privacy and secure digital communication, Sell is the CEO of Wickr, a private messaging app with watertight encryption technology. Messages sent using the app ‘self-destruct’ after a length of time adjusted by the sender – from six days to three seconds – and are then overwritten by gibberish data on the sender’s and receiver’s phones, making them impossible to recreate. Sell also speaks around the world, working to teach individuals how they can look out for their own internet privacy including every year at Defcon where Sell runs a nonprofit training camp for children and teenagers called r00tz Asylum – teaching white-hat hacking. Full profile: Digital activism nominee Nico Sell |
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Valor por TamaulipasCrowd-sourced news platformMexicoThe Tamaulipas region is top of Mexico’s most dangerous list for journalists; six journalists have been murdered there since 2010. Citizens here not only live under the cartel’s violence, but also the resultant media blackout. Journalists have been silenced. In the face of this Valor por Tamaulipas operates as a crowd-sourced news platform, offering its hundreds of thousands of social media followers up-to-date reports on cartel violence. The anonymous administrators are under constant threat. Tragically Dr María del Rosario Fuentes Rubio, co-administrator of Valor’s sister page Esperanza was kidnapped and murdered last year by cartel members, with ominous messages left from her Twitter account by her murderers. But Valor remains running, posting dozens of daily alerts to anonymously alert citizens of cartel activity. Full profile: Digital activism nominee Valor por Tamaulipas |
Syria TrackerOnline mapping siteSyriaSyria Tracker is an online map that shows where human rights abuses are happening in Syria, charting exactly when and where violence such as murders, rapes and chemical attacks have taken place, as well as instances where food and water supplies have been tampered with. The site encourages civilians to anonymously report what’s going on in Syria, using encryption technology such as Tor in one of the world’s most difficult and dangerous countries for reporters. Not only does Syria Tracker allow outside relief teams to know what’s going on, the map also provides the rest of the world with otherwise non-existent accurate and up-to-date information. Crucially, by collating diverse data Syria Tracker has been able to illustrate trends in violence in Syria, such as last year’s rise in civilian deaths, suggesting they are being increasingly targeted. Full profile: Digital activism nominee Syria Tracker |
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People taking part in the funeral procession of murdered journalist Lasantha Wickrematunge (Photo by: Indi Samarajiva [CC-BY-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons)
This would be no defence for Lasantha. President Mahinda Rajapaksa repeatedly referred to him as a “terrorist journalist” and “Kotiyek” (a Tiger).
According to exiled journalist Uvindu Kurukulasuriya, shortly before Lasantha was killed, the president offered to buy the Sunday Leader, with the intention of muting its voice. Lasantha declined the generous offer. On 8 January 2009, he was shot dead.
Days later, an astonishing editorial, written by Lasantha before his death, appeared in the Sunday Leader, and subsequently in newspapers throughout the world. After describing his pride in the Sunday Leader’s journalism, Wickrematunge wrote chillingly: “When finally I am killed, it will be the government that kills me.”
Lasantha’s murder was shocking. As was the murder of Hrant Dink, the Armenian editor who “insulted Turkishness” by daring to speak of the genocide of his people; as was the murder of Anastasia Barburova, the young Novaya Gazeta reporter who investigated the Russian far right; as was the murder of Martin O’Hagan, who took on the criminality of Northern Ireland’s loyalist gangs. As were the murders of the dozens of Filipino journalists killed in the Maguindanao massacre in 2009, too numerous to name, caught up in a ruthless turf war.
Then there are the reporters killed in war zones. The conflict in Syria has been a killing field for journalists. Where once the media were seen as protected, even potential allies, now they are seen as targets. The killings of Steven Sotloff and James Foley by ISIS in Iraq brought back memories of the beheading of Daniel Pearl in Pakistan in 2002. As Joel Simon of Committee to Protect Journalists relates in his forthcoming book, the New Censorship, that crime marked a turning point. In the Pearl case, even Osama bin Laden, who viewed the media as a potential tool in his global war, was shocked by the tactic employed by his lieutenant Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who claimed to have carried out the murder himself. From that point on, journalists were not just fair game, but trophies.
As money is drained from news, many organisations choose not to send correspondents to areas where reporters are needed most. Too dangerous, too expensive. As a result, freelancers, local journalists and fixers take ever greater risks. Under-resourced, undersupported and out on a limb, they are picked off.
Regional journalists covering tough domestic beats are easy prey. In Mexico, drug cartels boast of their ability to murder reporters. In Burma, the army kills a reporter who dares report its activities.
The numbers are horrifying: over 1,000 media workers have been killed because of their work since 1992.
Every single time, the message is sent: don’t get involved; don’t ask questions; don’t do your job. No journalism here. No inconvenient truths, no dissenting voices.
With rare exceptions, those responsible for these crimes act with impunity. Sometimes, as in the case of Anna Politkovskaya, outspoken on war crimes in Chechnya, the man who pulled the trigger is traced but those who gave the orders remain untouched. In over 90 per cent of cases of attacks on journalists, there are no convictions.
There is no greater infringement of human rights than to deliberately take an innocent life. The killing of a journalist also signals contempt for the concept of free expression as a right. As the United Nation’s Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity, states, violent attacks on journalists and free expression do not happen in a vacuum: “[T]he existence of laws that curtail freedom of expression (e.g. overly restrictive defamation laws), must be addressed. The media industry also must deal with low wages and improving journalistic skills. To whatever extent possible, the public must be made aware of these challenges in the public and private spheres and the consequences from a failure to act.”
In that famous final editorial, Lasantha Wickrematunge wrote: “In the course of the last few years, the independent media have increasingly come under attack. Electronic and print institutions have been burned, bombed, sealed and coerced. Countless journalists have been harassed, threatened and killed. It has been my honour to belong to all those categories.”
Like many journalists, Lasantha prided himself on bravery: there is no higher compliment in the profession than to call a colleague “courageous”.
But there is a danger in this that we create martyrs: that we become enamoured of the idea that a good journalist should die for the cause. That persecution and suffering are marks of valour.
They are not. Journalism should be intrepid, of course, but we shouldn’t accept the idea that intrepid journalism comes with a price. Journalism, the exercise of free expression, is a basic right both for practitioners and for the readers, viewers and listeners who benifit from it. They should be able to practice this right without fear of persecution from states, criminals or terrorists. If they are to suffer, their oppressors must face justice.
Correction 10:02, 10 November: An earlier version of this article stated that a government minister offered to buy the Sunday Leader.
Index on Censorship is mapping harassment and violence against journalists across the European Union and candidate countries at mediafreedom.ushahidi.com.
This article was posted on 6 November 2014 at indexoncensorship.org
This article was published on June 18, 2014 at indexoncensorship.org